真空絕熱板保溫材料的應用研究
一(yi)、真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概述(shu) 1、發(fa)展(zhan)概況 真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)將隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯材(cai)裝入隔(ge)(ge)氣結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong),抽真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后再(zai)密(mi)封起來(lai)(lai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)。VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)始于上個(ge)(ge)世紀(ji)五十(shi)年代,至今(jin)已(yi)有近六十(shi)余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,起初(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)狀二氧(yang)化硅做芯材(cai),七十(shi)年代開(kai)(kai)始使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)(kai)孔(kong)泡(pao)(pao)沫塑料(liao)(liao)。九十(shi)年代以后歐(ou)美許多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)公(gong)司先后開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),取得(de)了(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)。現(xian)在(zai)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內外已(yi)經廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),冰(bing)柜,冷(leng)(leng)庫,冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車(che),冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)集(ji)裝箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),墻(qiang)體保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)領域,如在(zai)日本70%以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)層(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),在(zai)歐(ou)美VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)已(yi)廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)凍車(che)船(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)。 二、真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu) 1、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo) 為(wei)(wei)了(le)確切(qie)(qie)評估真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效(xiao)果(guo),我們專門制作一(yi)套(tao)模具(ju)來(lai)(lai)成(cheng)型方箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),比(bi)較真空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)硬質(zhi)聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)泡(pao)(pao)沫塑料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。 兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)尺寸(cun)完全(quan)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)外形(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)40cm*40cm*44cm,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)層(ceng)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)4cm,箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體蓋子(zi)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)7cm,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)純(chun)PU發(fa)泡(pao)(pao),另外一(yi)個(ge)(ge)內壁(bi)鑲(xiang)嵌厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)1cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)再(zai)PU發(fa)泡(pao)(pao)。實驗(yan)時(shi)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)裝有完全(quan)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)源。將箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)放在(zai)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)濕試驗(yan)機(ji)(ji)內,設定試驗(yan)機(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)40℃,現(xian)對濕度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)50%,然(ran)后測(ce)得(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)連(lian)續(xu)變化曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)如下(xia)(xia): (1)48小(xiao)時(shi)觀測(ce)期間(jian)內,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)冷(leng)(leng)卻速度(du)(du)比(bi)純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)快,且(qie)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內較低平(ping)衡溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)比(bi)純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低很多(duo)(duo),這(zhe)說明實驗(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)提(ti)升降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)縮減作業等(deng)待(dai)(dai)時(shi)間(jian),且(qie)達到同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)源遠比(bi)沒有使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少。 (2)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)回(hui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)比(bi)純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)慢,這(zhe)說明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)后能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠延長(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)冷(leng)(leng)時(shi)間(jian)。 因(yin)(yin)此,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)加(jia)快冷(leng)(leng)卻速度(du)(du),減少作業等(deng)待(dai)(dai)時(shi)間(jian);降(jiang)低回(hui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du),延長(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)冷(leng)(leng)時(shi)間(jian);保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(www.cnbaowen.net)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)(xia),能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)降(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗。 國(guo)(guo)外許多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)公(gong)司不斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)產(chan)品,提(ti)升VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi),還進行了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量深入應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。如陶(tao)氏化學(xue)公(gong)司曾做過如下(xia)(xia)實驗(yan),定量分(fen)析了(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)果(guo)。 2、應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)藝 盡管VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)有出色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性能(neng)(neng)(neng),但由(you)于其(qi)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)特(te)(te)點和生產(chan)工(gong)藝等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素影(ying)響,VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)實際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有以下(xia)(xia)特(te)(te)點。 (1)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)構(gou)較為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)殊,應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)(qie)割加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)各種規(gui)格和形(xing)(xing)狀,只能(neng)(neng)(neng)根據應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況事(shi)前(qian)就確定好產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格和尺寸(cun) (2)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)隔(ge)(ge)氣結(jie)構(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)聚酯(zhi)(zhi)基薄(bo)(bo)膜,容(rong)(rong)易刮花破損(sun),故VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)實際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)需要外加(jia)防(fang)(fang)護裝置; (3)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)阻隔(ge)(ge)薄(bo)(bo)膜強烈(lie)拉伸后,薄(bo)(bo)膜容(rong)(rong)易變薄(bo)(bo)產(chan)生氣孔(kong),或(huo)者(zhe)損(sun)壞(huai)密(mi)封邊,故VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)折彎或(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)曲(qu)(qu)率半徑太(tai)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)(qu)面上; (4)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)邊緣通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)不是(shi)很平(ping)整(zheng),因(yin)(yin)此板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)拼接(jie)時(shi)有較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,故VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)常(chang)(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)作為(wei)(wei)嵌板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和常(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕熱(re)(re)(re)(re)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)如硬質(zhi)聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)泡(pao)(pao)配合使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),才能(neng)(neng)(neng)填補(bu)拼接(jie)縫(feng)隙防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)漏熱(re)(re)(re)(re); (5)由(you)于生產(chan)設備局限(xian),目前(qian)國(guo)(guo)內VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)成(cheng)品面積(ji)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)2 以內,應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到冷(leng)(leng)庫、冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)集(ji)裝箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、墻(qiang)體等(deng)壁(bi)面較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),常(chang)(chang)(chang)需要連(lian)接(jie)件(jian)來(lai)(lai)聯結(jie)成(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)平(ping)面; 針對VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上述(shu)缺陷(xian),實際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)必須采取相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護措施(shi)來(lai)(lai)解(jie)決: (1)將VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘膠劑粘貼在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內側或(huo)者(zhe)外側,然(ran)后澆注(zhu)(zhu)聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)原液到隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)內整(zheng)體發(fa)泡(pao)(pao),泡(pao)(pao)沫填充保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)腔內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)緊(jin)緊(jin)包裹VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。 (2)將VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)放在(zai)矩形(xing)(xing)盒模內,注(zhu)(zhu)入聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)原液發(fa)泡(pao)(pao)成(cheng)型,這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話,聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)泡(pao)(pao)沫就緊(jin)緊(jin)地(di)(di)包裹在(zai)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍,開(kai)(kai)模后形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)聚氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)與VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塊狀復合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban); 洛陽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)航耐火(huo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有限(xian)公(gong)司