真空絕熱板保溫材料的應用研究
一(yi)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空絕熱(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)述(shu) 1、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展概(gai)況(kuang) 真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空絕熱(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)將(jiang)隔熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯材(cai)裝入隔氣(qi)結(jie)構中(zhong)(zhong),抽真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空后(hou)(hou)再密(mi)封起來形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)。VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)始于上(shang)個世紀五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)代(dai),至今已(yi)有(you)(you)近六十(shi)余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),起初(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)狀(zhuang)二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硅做(zuo)(zuo)芯材(cai),七十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)開(kai)始使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)孔泡沫塑料(liao)。九十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)以后(hou)(hou)歐(ou)美許多大(da)(da)公司先后(hou)(hou)開(kai)展了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究,取得了(le)(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果。現(xian)在(zai)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)國內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)已(yi)經廣泛(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),冰(bing)(bing)(bing)柜,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)庫,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏車(che),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),墻體(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)領域,如(ru)(ru)(ru)在(zai)日(ri)本(ben)70%以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)層使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),在(zai)歐(ou)美VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)已(yi)廣泛(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凍(dong)車(che)船的(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)。 二(er)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空絕熱(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究 1、保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)(xiao)果 為了(le)(le)確切評(ping)估(gu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空絕熱(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)隔熱(re)(re)(re)效(xiao)(xiao)果,我們專門制作一(yi)套模具來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型方箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),比較(jiao)(jiao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空絕熱(re)(re)(re)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)(yu)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)材(cai)料(liao)硬質(zhi)聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)泡沫塑料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。 兩個箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)尺寸完全相同(tong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸40cm*40cm*44cm,保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)層壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)4cm,箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)蓋子(zi)(zi)壁(bi)厚(hou)(hou)7cm,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)個為純(chun)PU發(fa)(fa)(fa)泡,另外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)一(yi)個內(nei)壁(bi)鑲嵌(qian)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)為1cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)再PU發(fa)(fa)(fa)泡。實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)兩個箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)裝有(you)(you)完全一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)源。將(jiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)放(fang)在(zai)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)濕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)機內(nei),設定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)機溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)為40℃,現(xian)對濕度(du)(du)(du)為50%,然后(hou)(hou)測得箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)連續變(bian)化(hua)(hua)曲線如(ru)(ru)(ru)下: (1)48小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)觀測期間(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻速度(du)(du)(du)比純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)快,且箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)平(ping)衡溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)比純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)很多,這(zhe)說明實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地提升(sheng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)(du)縮減(jian)作業等(deng)(deng)(deng)待時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),且達到(dao)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)(xiao)果,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)源遠比沒有(you)(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)少。 (2)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)回溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)(du)比純(chun)PU的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)慢,這(zhe)說明使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)后(hou)(hou)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)延(yan)長保(bao)(bao)(bao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。 因(yin)(yin)此,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)加(jia)快冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻速度(du)(du)(du),減(jian)少作業等(deng)(deng)(deng)待時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian);降(jiang)低(di)回溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)(du),延(yan)長保(bao)(bao)(bao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian);保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(www.cnbaowen.net)相同(tong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)(xiao)果前提下,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地降(jiang)低(di)能(neng)(neng)耗。 國外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)許多大(da)(da)公司不(bu)斷開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)產品(pin),提升(sheng)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),還進行了(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)深(shen)入應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究。如(ru)(ru)(ru)陶氏化(hua)(hua)學公司曾做(zuo)(zuo)過如(ru)(ru)(ru)下實(shi)驗(yan)(yan),定(ding)(ding)量(liang)分析了(le)(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)果。 2、應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工藝(yi) 盡管VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)有(you)(you)出色的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),但由(you)于其(qi)本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構特(te)點(dian)和(he)生(sheng)產工藝(yi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)因(yin)(yin)素影響,VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)實(shi)際應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)以下特(te)點(dian)。 (1)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)構較(jiao)(jiao)為特(te)殊,應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)切割加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種規(gui)格(ge)和(he)形(xing)狀(zhuang),只能(neng)(neng)根(gen)據應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況(kuang)事前就確定(ding)(ding)好(hao)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)和(he)尺寸 (2)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)隔氣(qi)結(jie)構通(tong)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多層聚(ju)酯(zhi)基(ji)薄膜,容(rong)(rong)易(yi)刮(gua)花破損(sun),故(gu)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)實(shi)際應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)常需要外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)加(jia)防護(hu)裝置; (3)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)阻隔薄膜強烈拉(la)伸后(hou)(hou),薄膜容(rong)(rong)易(yi)變(bian)薄產生(sheng)氣(qi)孔,或(huo)者(zhe)損(sun)壞密(mi)封邊(bian),故(gu)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)通(tong)常不(bu)能(neng)(neng)折彎或(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)曲率半徑(jing)太小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲面(mian)上(shang); (4)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)邊(bian)緣通(tong)常不(bu)是(shi)很平(ping)整(zheng),因(yin)(yin)此板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)拼(pin)接時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙,故(gu)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)常常作為嵌(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕熱(re)(re)(re)材(cai)料(liao)如(ru)(ru)(ru)硬質(zhi)聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)泡配(pei)合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),才能(neng)(neng)填補拼(pin)接縫隙防止漏熱(re)(re)(re); (5)由(you)于生(sheng)產設備(bei)局限(xian)(xian),目前國內(nei)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)面(mian)積一(yi)般在(zai)2 以內(nei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)庫、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏集裝箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、墻體(ti)等(deng)(deng)(deng)壁(bi)面(mian)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,常需要連接件來聯結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)平(ping)面(mian); 針對VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)述(shu)缺陷,實(shi)際應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)必須采取相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)措施(shi)來解(jie)決: (1)將(jiang)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘(zhan)膠(jiao)劑粘(zhan)貼在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)隔熱(re)(re)(re)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)側或(huo)者(zhe)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側,然后(hou)(hou)澆注聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)原液到(dao)隔熱(re)(re)(re)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)整(zheng)體(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)泡,泡沫填充保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)腔(qiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個空間(jian)(jian)(jian),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)緊(jin)緊(jin)包裹VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。 (2)將(jiang)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)放(fang)在(zai)矩(ju)形(xing)盒模內(nei),注入聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)原液發(fa)(fa)(fa)泡成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型,這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話,聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)泡沫就緊(jin)緊(jin)地包裹在(zai)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍,開(kai)模后(hou)(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)聚(ju)氨(an)酯(zhi)與(yu)(yu)VIP板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塊狀(zhuang)復合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban); 洛(luo)陽大(da)(da)航耐(nai)火材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司